Epicyclic mechanism



Dec. 18, 1951 Filed June 18, 1947 R. P. HARSHBERGER EPICYCLIC MECHANISM 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR RUSSELL P. HARSHBERGER ATTORNEY Dec. 18, 1951 R. P. HARSHBERGER EPICYCLIC MECHANISM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 9.

Filed June 18, 1947 FIG. 5.

m 4. W.. W.

FIG. 6.

FIG. I I.

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INVENTOR FIG. 8. FIG. 7.

38 4, RUSSELLP. HARSHBERGER/ ATTORNEY DeC- 18, 1951 R. P. HARsHBl-:RGER 2,578,801

EPICYCLIC MECHANISM INVENTOR RUSSELL VP.' HARSHBERGER ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 18, li951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AEPICYCLIC MECHANISM.

Russell P. Harshberger, Altadena, Calif.

Application June 18, 1947, Serial No. 755,405

(CLM- 798) 16 claims. l

The present invention relates to power-transmitting mechanisms in general and particularly to a compact epicyclic mechanism adapted to transmit power with a minimum of frictional loss. More specically the invention comprises an epicyclic mechanism designed to occupy a minimum of space and to transmit rotary power with an increase in rotational speed. .A particular application of the invention comprises its use in mechanically vibrated razors, although it is to be understood that it is adapted for other uses, the described application being only exemplary.

In many power transmission applications it is necessary to-transmit power with a minimum of loss and by means which are both compact and light. Usually such uses involve prime movers of limited capacity. Efficient transmission means capable of transmitting small amounts of power with minimum frictional loss and simultaneously increasing rotational speed have been developed incorporating cooperating and interrelated gears, as for example the construction of applicants earlier Patent 2,056,186 and that of the patent to Sussman 2,249,441. Such constructions satisfactorily perform the intended function but have two serious defects in that use inevitably produces wear in the bearings and gear parts, resulting in undesirable play, noise and increase in frictional losses. By comparison, in constructions in which relatively large amounts of power are being transmitted and the rictional losses are not so important the same degree of care need not `be exercised in maintaining the very close manufacturing tolerances. Additionally, the in-` creased size of the parts makes possible the inclusion of take-up means in their construction. In the small applications, however, in which the size of the parts and the power transmitted is quite small friction increase due to wear and misalignment become exceedingly important.

The power transmission constructed in accordance with the present invention eliminates two of the serious defects which have characterized the prior devices in the same eld. Gearing with teeth has been eliminated, and with it the necessity for close tolerances which result in high costs. Wear is eliminated as a factor by providing automatic take-ups which continuously act to take up wear as it takes place and without in any way changing the operating characteristics of the mechanism. The mechanism is simple in its construction, can be made more economically than prior devices and is characterized by its long life. I

:.llkis an, .object of the present invention to pro- Vide va new and improved epicyclic mechanism of the type adapted to function satisfactorily and to transmit power with a minimum of frictional loss in al1 angular positions.

It is a further object of the invention to prof vide an improved epicyclic mechanism in which rotary power is Ytransmitted with a minimum yof frictional loss and with an increase in the speed of rotation.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a power transmission mechanism incorporating a plurality of epicyclic roller trains incorporating automatic take-up to compensate for changes dueto wear and temperature variations. l

Still another object of the invention is to provide an epicyclic mechanism embodying a plurality of steps through which rotary power is transmitted with an increase in speed `of rotation and with a minimum of frictional loss. Y

Still another object of the invention is to provide speed-increasing power transmission mechf anism in which a plurality of individually rotatable speed-increasing units are maintained in operative relationship by their own rolling contact with one another.

A still further object of the invention is to pro- Vide a power-transmitting, speed-increasing epicyclic mechanism in which the various trains are aligned by `their rolling contact with each othe and with a fixed enclosing annulus.l 1- n.

` A further object of the invention is to provide an epicyclicv mechanism in which sun rollers are loosely mounted for rotation in their planet carriers. f

improved vibrating means. vg

These, and other more speciiic objects will ap-` pear upon reading Vthe following specification and claims and uponconsidering in connection therewith the attached drawings to which they relate. Referring now to the drawings in which pre-.-

ferred embodiments of the invention are dise" Figure 2 is a transverse section upon the line 2*-2 of Figure 1 and shows the rotaryvibrator' governor; y

Figure 3 is a transverse section upon the line 3-.3 through the epicyclic rollers;

Figure 4 is a transverse section upon the line accordance with the present in- 4-4 of Figure 1 and discloses the loose mounting of the roller shafts in the carrier bearings;

Figure 5 is a transverse section upon the line 5-5 of Figure 6 and discloses the spring-locking pawl arrangement;

Figure 6 is a transverse section through the spring motor upon the line 6 6 of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a section upon the line 1-1 of Figure l; v

Figure 8 is a transverse section through the slotted driving cup through which poweris initially received by the epicyclic mechanism;

Figure 9 is an end view of the operative end of the razor incorporating the present invention;

Figure 10 is an illustration of the modified driving connection between the motor shaftand the epicyclic mechanism; Y

Figure 11 is a section upon the line II--II of Figure 10 and shows the modified driving cup embodied in the construction of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a partial longitudinal section through a second preferred embodiment of the epicyclic power transmission mechanism comprising the present invention embodied in a razor of the type illustrated in Figures land 9;

Figure 13 is a transverse section through the epicyclic planet rollers upon the line I3-I3 of Figure l2;

Figure 14 is a transverse section through the first planet carrier upon the line Ill-I4 of Figure 12;

Figure 15 isa transverse section upon the line I 5-I5 of Figure 12 and shows the connection between the motor-shaft and the first carrier of the epicyclic mechanism constructed in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention; and

Figurel is a partial sectional View through a third preferred embodiment basically similar to the second embodimentI illustrated in Figures l2 to 15, inclusive, but differing therefrom in that the axis of rotation ofthe planet rollersis parallel to the axis of rotation of the planet carriers.

.Referring again-to the drawings and to Figures 1 to 8, inclusive, in particular, an epicyclic mechanism constructed in accordance with the first.

preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated embodied in a vibratory razor actuated by a springmotor of the hand-wound type. The razor is seen to comprise a body including a central tubular casing Il, to one end of which is threaded a head I2, and to theopposite end of which is secureda handle. I3, .relatively rotatable with respect to the. body.. or casing Il4 and housing and actuating spring motor as will `be hereinafter described. The spring driving motor, indicated generallyby the reference character I6, is positioned withinhandle I3 with its shaft I1 extended into casing I I in which the epicyclic mechanism is located, being indicated generally by the reference character I 8. vA rotary vibratorgovernor, indicated generally by thereference character I9, is positioned within Vhead I2 `:at the opposite end of the mechanismVwhile .attached to the outer end of the head is a blademounting unit, indicated generally by the reference character 20..

Referring first to the motor unit VIb and its related mounting means, the motor is seen to comprise a coiled flat spring 2I- fixedly securedat its inner end to a sleeve 22 which `is-itself fixed to the motor shaft I1 by virtue of the non-circular sections illustrated in Figure '1.r Thehandle I3 which formsthe motor casing isseentobe reduced at its forward end landlrotatablyseated upon the reduced rearward surface 23 of tubular casing II. Lubricating seals 24 and 26 provide lubrication for surface 23 and for motor shaft I1 where it extends through the end wall 21 of casing I I, and also make the interior of casing I I water tight. Longitudinal separation of the handle I3, which may be made in two threaded telescoping parts as illustrated, if preferred, and casing I I is prevented by the presence of a locking plate 28 secured to casing end wall 21 by one or more screws 29.

To enable motor spring 2I to be wound means are provided by which the hollow handle I3 is permitted rotation under a manual force in one direction but is prevented from rotation in the oppositedirection. These means comprise a pawl 3| pivoted upon a screw 29 and urged by a spring 32 into engagement With the teeth 33 of an encircling circular rack 34 fixed with respect to the handle I3. The teeth 33 are contoured as to permit the rack and the handle to rotate in one direction, the pawl sliding over the teeth, but upon the handle being released the pawl engages the teeth and rotation in the opposite direction is prevented.

The motor shaft I1 is rotatively positioned at its rearward end within a bearing 36 in handle I3 and is seen to extend forwardly therefrom through the end wall 21 of casing I I to be formed at its end as a helically extending wall 38 and an end cap 39.

The epicyclic mechanism I8 previously referred to is positioned within casing II and in the rst embodiment is formed of three epicyclic roller trains 49 which are. identical except as pointed out specifically. Each train 40 comprises a planet carrier formed of spaced circular plates 4I and 42 rigidly connected by spacing pins 43 arcuately arranged around the longitudinal central or major axis corresponding toan extension of the motor shaft I1. With the exception of the roller train adjacent the end of motor shaft I1 the plate 4I of each train carries a sun roller 44, and in thatcase it carries aslotted driving cup 46. The latter is connected to the drive shaft I1 by spaced balls 41.0f a size to fit in the slots of the cup 43 and positioned upon opposite sides of the helical wall 38. In the preferred form the slots in cup 45. extend helically, but it is important that the relationship between thewall 38, the balls 41 .and the slots in the cup 46 be such that the cup, and so the first trainof which it is a part, is permitted longitudinal displacement.

Each roller train 4D includes three arcuately spaced planet rollers 5I 4provided upon their opposite sides with stub shafts 52 and 53 rotatably seated in sleeve bearings 55 and 51 positioned, respectively, in the plates 4I and 42. The bearings 56 and 51 are `larger than the stub shafts.

52 and 53 positioned therein so that each roller 5I is permitted an appreciable radial displacement relative to the aforementioned longitudinal axis, but the presence of the aligning bearings at each side` of the roller prevents tilting .and binding. Within and at the end of each bearing 55 is positioned a thrust ball 58 abutting the end of stub shaft 52 upon one side and a fixed plate '59 upon its opposite side.

Planet rollers 5I are sized as to rotate in contact with the finished inner surface of tubular casing II and upon thesurface of an adjacent suniroller 44. The latter is formed with an outwardly curved surface, the diameter of which in- 1 creases withgthe distance from the motor shaft I1.` The. rollers 5| are also formed with an outwardly curved surface, the contour yof which is such that the axial displacement of a roller 5 forwardly in casing causes it to be cammed outwardly by the contour of the cooperating sun roller 44 toward the enclosing inner surface of casing II upon which it will, accordingly, exert greater pressure. An axial force at all times seeking to accomplish this result is exerted by thecoil spring 6| concentric to drive shaft I1. One end of spring 6| abuts the casing end wall 21 while its opposite end exerts anA axial force upon a flange 62 formed on the shaft-enclosing sleeve ,63. The inner end of sleeve 63 abuts the outer face of driving cup 46 and exerts a force thereon and through it upon the Vfirst roller train, and so all subsequent roller trains, directed toward the head end of the mechanism. The thrust exerted by spring 6| is complemented by the axial component of the thrust exerted by the helical wall 38 ofshaft I1 through the balls 41 and upon the helical grooves in driving cup 46. This axial thrust is in the same direction as that exerted by the spring 6| and, obviously, is greatest when the driving force is greatest. The entire thrust is transmitted in the case of each roller train through the plate 4l, and specifically its thrust plate 59 to the balls 59 abutting the end ofi-stub shaft 52 carried by each roller 5|. The planet roller 5| is itself forced axially `against the contoured surface of sun roller 44 which directly transmits the force to the carrier plate 4| tovwhich it is connected. At the same time, of course, each roller 5| is forced outwardly by the contacted sun roller and against the inner surface of casing Il.

The planet rollers 5| forming a part of the roller train 46 nearest the head end of the razor abut a final sun roller, indicated by the reference character 64, which is exteriorly contoured in the manner of sun rollers 44. Instead of being mounted to the plate of a planet carrier as in the case of rollers 44 roller 64 is rotatably mounted upon a fixed governor-supporting shaft 66, and is interiorly spaced from the inner end of the roller by a thrust ball 61. The governor unit I9, comprising a governor plate 1|, is fixedly secured for rotation with sun roller 64, the plate pivotally supporting upon a rivet 12 a weight 13 carrying a friction shoe 14, the two parts being normally spring-pressed inwardly by a spring 16 carried by a pin 11. The entire governor unit i8 is unbalanced relative to its axis of rotation and upon reaching a predetermined rotational speed vibrates the supporting structure at the desired frequency and amplitude. Its own speed of rotationl is limited as the weight 13 flies outwardly and the friction shoe 14 frictionally engages the inner surrounding surface of the head I2. y

v The mounting unit 20 for the razor blade 80 is positioned forwardly of the head I2 and comprises a blade-centering bed 8| and a clamping head 82 provided with a threaded center pin BBseated threadedly in the inner `end of head I2. Blade 86 is clamped between clamping head 82 and bed 8| in the usual manner common to safety razor blades of the doubleedged type and isfremovable fromv its operative position illustrated by unscrewing pin 83 from its seat in head I2, whereuponthe clamping head and the bed can be separated and the blade displaced. In a manner forming no part of the present invention, but which has proven desirable in vibrating rap zorsofthis type,.para1lel guards 84 are provided at the sides of the edges of blade 80. The guards are connected by end members 86 which are themselves connected by fiat springs 81 tothe bed 8| to provide for limited longitudinal displacement.

In place of the driving connection between the motor shaft i1 and the plate 4| of the rst roller train, as illustrated in Figures 1,4 and 8, a modified connection of the type illustrated in Figures 10 and l1 may be substituted if desired. In the form there illustrated the driving cup 46 is replaced by a similar cup 9| closed at its inner end and formed with diametrically spaced hemispherical recesses 92 in place of the helical groove of the rst embodiment. The driving motor shaft is again provided with the helically extending wall 38 reaching into the central recess of the cup, but the end cap 39 at the shaft end has been eliminated. Upon rotation of the shaft I1 an axial thrust is given to the balls 41 by the helical wall 38 and is transmitted directly to the cup 8| as the balls are permitted no axial or longitudinal movement.

The operation of the first described embodimeni-J of the invention is as follows: Spring motor I6 is wound by turning the handle I3 which rotates relative to the tubular casing IVI to effect the tightening of the spring 21|. As described, the spring cannot unwind by turning the enclosing handle I3 in the opposite direction by virtue of the presence of the locking pawl 3| and the cooperating enclosing rack 34. The winding operation stores energy in spring 2|v effective to produce the rotation of shaft I1, a movement directly transmitted through the power-transmitting balls 41 to the plate 4| of the rst roller train. That train rotates with shaft I1 and is forced axially therefrom and toward the head |2 by the axial component of the thrust as transmitted through the balls 41 supplemented by the axial thrust of the non-rotating coil spring 6I acting through the sleeve 63. As the'rst roller train rotates the planet rollers 5I thereof roll in contact with the inner surface of the casing vI and also in contact with the contoured surface of the centrally positioned sun roller 44 at the second train. This rst sun roller is thereupon rotated at a speed greater than the speed of the vrotation of driving shaft I1 by a factor determined by the ratio of the length of the inner circumference of casing Il to the length of its own outer circumference at the point the rollers 5| contact.

The rotation of rst sun roller 44 is transmitted to its carrying plate 4I of the second roller train in which the action is repeated, the rollers 5I thereof transmitting their rotating force to the second sun roller 44 which rotates at a higher speed. The sun roller 64 is finally rotated and at the highest rotational speed at the forward end of the. mechanism. The axial thrust developed by the rotation of shaft I1 and as supplemented by that of the spring 6| is transmitted through each roller train, the balls 58 contacting stub shafts 52 to force the connected rollers 5I forwardly to wedge them between the surround-- ing interior surface of casing II and a cooperating sun roller 44. As the surfaces of planet rollers 5| and sun rollers 44 are contoured to cam the rollers 5| outwardly as theyI are advancedv forwardly, it is evident that dimensional changes due to temperature changes or to wear in either the planet rollers 5| or in the sun rollers 44 will be compensated for as it takes place by an axial shifting under the action of the described axial forces. /litadial shifting of the planet rollers 5I is permitted by the loose .fit of their shafts -52 and 53 in their bearings 56 and 51. This cooperative take-up effectA takes place at each set of planet rollers and it is to be noted that the axial thrust Which is available to cam rollers voutwardly is greatest nearest the driving shaft I'I, the force being dissipated as Vit is transmitted through the successive roller trains by virtue of therfriction existing between the rollers and the surfaces .with which they contact. This is desirable inasmuch asthe greatest rolling pressure is to be preferred `uponthose rollers traveling the slowest speeds,

that is, nearest the actuating motor.

The rotating force, now having a rotational speed many times greater than that of the shaft I'I, is finally transmitted as described to the last sun roller 64 connected to the governor plate 'II. Roller 64 cannot advance longitudinally, being positioned by the thrust ball 67. The governor I9. which is also the vibrator by virtue of its inherent unbalance, is rotated at a speed which, in a preferred design, may be as much as 1500 times the speed of the shaft I'I, and as a result of its rotation the head end of the unit is vibrated. Should there be a tendency to exceed the predetermined speed of rotation the governor weight 'I3 moves outwardly against the retaining force of its spring "I6, its friction shoe 'Id moving into contact with the surrounding surface of head I2, whereupon the speed of rotation is decreased. In the use disclosed the vibration of the head I2 is transmitted directly to the blade 80 which is moved over the users face, the vibratory motion aiding in the cutting action by providing a transverse longitudinal movement.

Referring now to Figures l2 to 15, inclusive, a second preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated which is fundamentally like that previously described in all respects except those hereinafter specifically referred to. In the first described embodiment the planet rollers were wedged between the sun rollers and the surrounding casing, and the alignment of the roller train was dependent upon the interitting relationship existing between the rollers, there being no true supporting shaft. An axial displacement and shifting of the planet rollers was relied upon to compensate for any wear which might, take place. In the present embodiment of the invention the epicyclic mechanism is illustrated as including four roller trains, each comprising a planet carrier IOI from which extends a plurality, three in the form illustrated, of fixed stub shafts |02. In the case of each carrier IOI excepting only that nearest the drive shaft I'I, a central sun roller |03 is fixed relative thereto and rotatably supports it upon a longitudinal shaft IOII rotatably seated at one end in a seat |06 in the end of motor shaft I1 and at its opposite end in a seat I0'I formed in the end of nal sun roller 64, abutting at that point the thrust ball 57 which also abuts the governor-supporting shaft 66. A fixed ange |08 abuts the sun roller |03 of the foremost planet carrier IGI and flanges or rings |09 loosely mounted upon shaft |06 space theremaining sun rollers, providing a relationship in which all but the planet carrier IEII nearest the head I2 can be advanced forwardly.

Three planet rollers I I I are mounted upon each planet carrier IOI, being equally spaced arcuately therearound and supported upon the pins or shafts |02. Each roller comprises an outer rim, the exterior surface II2 of which is curvedVand aninner metallicsleeve I I3- spaced from the rim by aresilieni-l body I I4.

'The angular disposition of the planet roller shafts |02 makes i-t impossible for the planet rollers, because of their diameters, to rotate in planes normal to their shafts. Instead each roller -I II is-deflected in the sense of being tiled fromy its normal position by being wedged between theenclosing casing II Iand its cooperating sunroller. The deflection takes place, of course, within -the resilient central portion II4. As -a Vresultof the resilient nature of central portions -fI I4 the-.planet rollers at all times seek to move into their normal positions and in doing so exert pressure against the surfaces which they contact, that against the inner surface of casing II and `the surface of the sun rollers. It is this pressure Ywhich -provides vthe necessary frictionalcontactat all times and which takes up Wearas -it-occurs in the rolling members. The relationship is best illustrated in Figure 12 in whichv -the vangle alpha indicates the deflection of one of the planet rollers III from its normal position, and it is the effort of the rollers resilient portionY H4 to force the roller into its normal position that provides the necessary pressure. As Vin the-first embodiment it is desirable that the-greatest pressure be present at those rollers which rotate at the slowest speed and, accordingly,-the resilient bodies I I4 of the sun rollers III nearest the drive shaft I'I are made of greatest thickness. This thickness is decreased by curving the resilient bodies inwardly in gradations as the trains approach `the forward end until, as is noted from a comparison of the planet rollers III at the head end of the casing, the resilient body IIII is of much less thickness than it is inthe rollerv I I Ifnearest the motor I6.,

In the present embodiment axial thrust is not relied upon toprovide the take-up to compensate for wear and, accordingly, the spring BI of the iirstembodiment is eliminated. Similarly, the driving cup YI IS which replaces the sun roller in the planet carrier nearest the shaft I'I need not be provided `with a helical slot'as in the first embodiment. Power is again transmitted `through balls 47 receiving their power, as in the first embodiment, from the narrowed shaft wall 38, which, in the present case, need not extend helically.

The operation of this second embodiment of the invention is believed to be clear and is in all respects similar vto that irstfdescribed with the exception-that looseness or play which may develop or be present as a result of wear or temperature changes is taken up by the inherent tendency of the planetvrollers III to assume positions which are truly concentric to their supporting shafts Iil2. The resilient bodies in each roller provide not only the take-up means but also the pressure necessary for the driving relationship between lthe surfaces with which they roll in contact. As in the first embodiment, power is transmitted from shaft- II throughfthe successive roller trains, the rotational speed increasing with each train. The final functional result comprising the vibration of the cutting end of the razor by the rotation of the vibrator-governor I9 is as described in connection with thev first embodiment.

Referring now to Figure 16 in particular, a modified construction comprising the third embodiment of the invention is illustrated and is like the second embodiment with the exception thatinplace of the inclined vshafts |02 supporting the planet rollers I each planet carrier ||l| is provided with a planet-carrying shaft |2| extended parallel to its own supporting axis |04. Each roller, here indicated by the reference character |22, again comprises a metallic rimV |23 having a curved outer surface and which is spaced from the central metallic sleeve bearing |24 by a resilient body |26. In the present instance the curvature of the rim |23 is such that the diametrical distance between the points of maximum diameter is greater than the distance which separates the cooperating sun roller |03 from the enclosing casing I. It follows thatthe planet roller |22 can be positionedV between the sun roller and the enclosing casing only by being tilted through the angle beta as illustrated; When so tilted diametrically apposed contacting points are separated by a distance equal to the distances between the casing and the sun roller and the unit is operative. The resilient intermediate body |26 of each roller at all times attempts to move the roller into a plane normal tothe supporting shaft l2 and in doing so exerts the necessary driving pressure between the casing and the cooperating sun roller and` also providing means to take up any wear which may occur in the parts.

While the epicyclic mechanism has been disclosed and its operation explained in connection with -a vibratory razor it is to be understood that this is only one example of its usefulness, and that it can be applied in any eld in which it is desired to transmit power with a minimum of frictional loss coupled with the ability to compensate for wear on the parts. While the particular constructions herein shown and described in detail are fully capable of attaining the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore stated, it is to be understood that they are merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention and that no limitations are intended as to the details of'construction or design hereinshown except as dened in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an epicyclic mechanism,Y a plurality'ofY cooperating longitudinally arranged roller trains' having a common axis, each comprising a planet carrier, a planet roller and a sun roller, said planet roller having a shaft rotatable in said carrier and a rolling surface generated by the rotation of a curve about said shaft as an axis, the sun roller of all but the `end train being fixed for rotation and longitudinal displacement with the carrier of an adjacent train and being in contact with said planet roller and having a rolling surface generated by the rotation of a curve about its axis of rotation, a stationary enclosing cylindricalsurface for each of said trains spaced from the surface of its sun roller, the rolling surfaces of said planet and sun rollers being so contoured as to be adapted to make rolling contact in a plurality of relative positionsiin certain of which the effective diameter of said planet roller plus the effective radius of said sun roller is greater than the radius of the enclosing cylindrical surface, and means at the ends of said cooperating v 10 contact of their planet rollers with said cylindrical surface and with the sun roller of an adjacent roller train.

3. The construction recited in claim 1 characterized in that said planet roller is mounted for radial translation in its planet carrier.

4. In an epicyclic mechanism, a plurality of cooperating roller trains, comprising a planet carrier, a planet roller including a shaft rotatable in and radially movable in said carrier and a sun roller fixed to the planet carrier of an adjacent train, an enclosing concentric cylindrical surface of fixed diameter for each of said trains spaced from the surface of its 'sun roller, the cooperating planet roller and sun roller of each train being so contoured externally as to be adapted to make rolling contact ina plurality of relative axial positions, the effective diameter of said planet roller plus the effective-radius of said sun roller increasing upon said planet roller shifting in one direction relative to its cooperating sun roller, and means to exert a force to effect an axial shifting of adjacent roller trains in a direction to change the relative positions of cooperating planet and sun rollers to increase the total of the effective diameter of a planet roller and the effective radius of a sun roller with which it cooperates.

5. In an epicyclic mechanism, a plurality of cooperating roller trains comprising a planet carrier including axiallyspaced radially extending elements, a planet roller positioned between said carrier elements and having stub shafts extending axially and rotatable and radially movable in said elements anda sun roller nxed to theplurality of relative axial positions, the effective diameter of said planet roller plus the effective radius of said sun roller increasing as said planet roller shifts in one direction relative to said s un roller, and resilient means exerting a force upon the roller train at the end of said mechanism to effect an axial shifting -of adjacent roller trains in said one direction to change thevrelative positions of cooperating planet and sun rollers.

6. In an epicyclic mechanism, a plurality of cooperating roller trains comprising a planet oarrier, planet rollers, including shafts by which they are rotatably mounted on said carrier, and a sun roller fixed to the carrier of an adjacent train, the sun roller of one train contacting the planet rollers of that train and being shiftable axially vrelative thereto, a concentric surface enclosing said` trains, the cooperating surfaces of said sun rollers vand planet rollers being shaped so that the axial displacement of adjacent roller trains in one direction tends ,to force said planet rollers 4outwardly against said concentric surface, and means to exert a 4forceto urge'said roller trains in said one direction.

'7. The construction recited in claim 6 characterized in that said planet roller shafts mount said planet rollers for radial displacement in said planet carriers.

8. The construction recited in claim 7 characterized in that said planet carrier is in each instance formed with a bearing for the shaft of the roller which it supports, the bearing being larger than the shaft of the roller to permit said roller to shift radially, a thrust ball abutting the end 1,1 ofgsaid sha-ftinposition to transmit a force from said carrier.

9. In an epicyclic mechanisme. rotary unbalanced mass, a spring motor, a cylindrical casing adapted to receive at one end the shaft of said motor, a plurality-ofv adjacent roller; trains within said-casing including a planet carrier formed ofspaced plates, a plurality of planet rollers including shafts mounted in said plates for rotation, and a sun roller flxed'to the carrier of an adjacent train and arranged to contact the planet rollers of its own train, the cooperating surfaces being lso contoured that a relative axial shifting of said sun and planet rollers effects the radial displacement of said planet rollers toward or from said casing, means to connect an end planet carrier to said motor shaft, and means to connect the.V sun roller of the train at the opposite end-to said unbalanced mass'.

10:'The structure recited byV claim 9 characterized in that said means to connectu an end planet carrierY to said motor shaft includes a sleeve secured to said end planet carriericoncentric-to'Y said shaft and formed with a helically extending'groove, a ball positioned in said groove, andA means on said shaft vto effect the revolution of said ball about the axis of the shaft `uponshaft rotation, the movement of said ball imparting anl axial thrust to said sleeve and tothe connected carrier.

1-1. In an epicycl-ic mechanism, a stationaryenclosing cylindrical casingpa plurality of series ofplanet rollers, each series comprising a plurality' of circumferentially -spaced planet rollers formed individually with a stubshaft and with rolling surfacesspaced atdiierent distances from their axes of rotation, a carrier for each of said series of rollers seating saidstub shafts for limited radial displacement in circumferentially spaced-relationship, -`each carrier including means to exert a longitudinal force on the stub shafts it seats, a sun rollerfor each series-of planet rollersl in contact. therewith andfxed tothe carrier of the adjacent seriessave vin the case of-the last sun:A roller,yeach ofsaid sun rollers being contoured-toforcethe planet rollers vcontacted by it towardl said enclosing'y cylindrical -casing-v upon relative movement bringing thevadjacent. trains closer together,` and means to apply a longitudinal force to an end vcarrier to force said trains toward each otherin the presence. ofthe opposing force at theopposite end.

12. Theconstruction recited in claim.11 characterizedV in that the end carrier carries a ball,

cup rather than a sunroller, and in that ra shaft including longitudinally extending surfaces ex tendstherein andis connectedto saidcnp by a plurality of. balls, the rotation of saidshaft ex.- erting a longitudinal force uponsaid cup.

13. The construction/recited in claim 12 characterizedin that said surfaceson said shaft vex-` tend helically.

14. In an. epicyclic mechanism, an. enclosing casingA internally. cylindrical, spacedroller trains arranged within said cylinder,4 eachincluding-a plurality of planet rollers formed with rolling sur-.- faces at varying distances from their axes of r0- tation, means mounting said planet rollers for rotation for limited radial displacement, and maintaining said rollers in circumferentially spaced relationship, and -a sun roller fixed to and axially movable with said last-mentioned means of an adjacent train and contacting the planet rollers of its own train, said sun roller increasing gradually in diameter in the direction of said means to which it is connected to effect the outward wedging of the contacted planet rollers upon decrease in the distance separating adjacent trains.

15. In an epicyclic mechanism, a roller train comprising a planet carrier, a planet roller having a supporting shaft and a rolling surface generated by the rotation of a curve about said shaft as an axis, a sun roller in contact with said planet roller having a rolling surface generated by the rotation of a curve about its axis of rotation, a

- stationary enclosing cyclindrical surface for said train spaced from said sun roller by a distance less than the maximum diameter of said planet roller, and means exerting a force to wedge said planet roller between said sun roller and said cylindrical surface.

16. In an epicyclic mechanism, a plurality of cooperating adjacent axially aligned roller trains comprising a planet carrier, a planet roller carried by said carrier and radially displaceable thereon and a sun roller xed to the planet carrier of an adjacent train, said planet roller and said sun roller being shiftable axially relative to each other, an enclosing concentric cylindrical surface for each of said trains spaced from the surface of its sun roller, the planet roller and the cooperating sun roller of each train being so contoured externally as tobe-adapted to make rolling' contact in a plurality'of relative axial positions, and to cam said planet roller radially outwardly upon said planet roller being shifted in one direction relative to its cooperating sun roller, and driving means exerting a rotating torque upon the roller train at one end of said mechanism andl including means to provide an axial force to effecty an axial shifting of adjacent roller trains to change the relative positions of cooperating planet and sun rollers.

RUSSELL P. HARSHBERGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of. this patent:

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